
Session 4
Understanding Children: Development, Attachment,
and the Effects of Maltreatment
Purpose
Objectives
Competencies
Purpose
This session will provide an overview of child development including tasks and milestones. Participants will learn how attachments develop and practice strategies for enhancing stronger attachments. Definitions of child maltreatment will be reviewed, and lastly information on how child maltreatment may affect typical child development will be covered.
Objectives
Participants will:
- Recognize the developmental stages of children from birth through adolescence.
- Explain the Arousal-Relaxation cycle and how it relates to developing healthy attachments.
- Recognize possible causes of developmental delays.
- Recognize the four major types of child maltreatment.
- Describe the effects of maltreatment and trauma on the development and behavior of children.
- Learn strategies for strengthening relationships.
Coaching and
Counseling (1.2)
Provides a
consistent and well-coordinated household by establishing house
rules and routines and clearly communicating the expectation that
everyone in the family will follow them. To organize a household
efficiently is to include others in major decisions, establish
ground rules with clear consequences and ensure that all the needs
of household members are taken into consideration.
Family
Relationships (1.4)
Respects and
maintains a child’s ties to birth family and previous foster and/or
adoptive family relationships. Understands the importance of
visitation including how to prepare children for visits with their
families and support them. Is familiar with the dynamics of family
systems and how all family members are impacted by the
foster/adoptive placement experience.
Basic
Behavior Management (2.1)
Understands
and applies basic principles of behavior management that use
appropriate techniques to reduce negative behavior and encourage
positive behaviors without the use of physical discipline. Positive
behaviors are encouraged by recognition of progress and allowing
developmentally appropriate decision-making, while setting and
communicating limits and rewards that apply to all. Basic behavior
management consists of fair and consistent application of behavior
rules and recognition of appropriate and positive behavior. Negative
behaviors are discouraged by firm, fair and consistent application
of limits and rules.
Interpersonal
Sensitivity (3.3)
Demonstrates
sensitivity to hidden meaning in communication and ability to view
situations from others’ perspectives. A parent with strong
interpersonal skills applies these to the child through respect for
the preferences and uniqueness of each child and listening for the
child’s concerns, while remembering what it was like to be a child.
The parent applies these skills in other settings by demonstrating
empathy with others’ perspectives and closely listening and
watching for what is
going on beneath the surface.
Commitment to
Children (3.4)
Expresses care
about the general welfare of children and has faith that children
can be helped. This commitment is put into action in the home by
providing the best care possible, including putting the child’s
long-term interest before self-interest and showing pride when
children achieve even small steps forward. This commitment is put
into action outside the home by advocating strongly on issues
important to children’s well being.
Equilibrium
(3.7)
Knows and
understands own feelings and recognizes own limitations. A sense of
equilibrium allows the parent to maintain a positive outlook and to
know he or she must set aside quiet time for self-regeneration and
to nurture adult relationships. To restore a sense of equilibrium,
it may be necessary to seek new information.
Human
Development (4.1)
Demonstrates
familiarity with the principles of developmental process, including
sexual development and developmental disabilities. A full, working
knowledge of human development includes knowledge of stages and
milestones expected for children and, causes and treatment for
delays.
Health Issues
(4.2)
Demonstrates
knowledge of medical/health conditions that can result from
abuse/neglect and demonstrates appropriate health practices in the
home. A full, working knowledge of health issues would include
principles of nutrition and hygiene and basic emergency care.
Physical/Sexual Abuse (5.1)
Demonstrates
knowledge of the types of family situations that can lead to abuse
and the effects of abuse. A full, working knowledge of physical and
sexual abuse would include being able to recognize the signs and
symptoms of abuse and how to respond.
Substance
Abuse (5.2)
Demonstrates
knowledge of the signs of substance/alcohol abuse and the effects of
abuse on the family system, including substance-exposed infants. A
full working knowledge of substance abuse issues would include the
ability to identify ways to work with children affected by substance
abuse and how the recovery process impacts the family.