
Session 5
Understanding the Child's Experience of Loss
Purpose
Objectives
Competencies
Purpose
This session will explore issues that are common to all aspects of the foster care and adoption experience: separation and loss. These issues affect children in care, birth families and foster/adoptive families. This session also includes a unit on discipline. Discipline is included in this session to highlight the connection between how children experience and express their grief through their behaviors. Strategies for effective discipline will be reviewed and practiced with the emphasis on an understanding of what the child’s needs are and how to increase a child’s self-esteem.
Objectives
Participants will:
- Explain the different ways that people are affected by separation and loss.
- Identify ways to help and support foster and adopted children going through the painful experience of separation and loss.
- Articulate the potential grief and loss reactions of prospective foster and adoptive parents.
- Describe DHHS regulations regarding discipline.
- Explain the difference between punishment and discipline.
- Identify at least 3 strategies for positive discipline.
Coaching and
Counseling (1.3)
Acts in the
role of coach and counselor for the household by serving as a role
model for healthy family life and creating an environment for the
safe discussion of feelings by giving children time, space, and
support to work through their problems. Recognizes and promotes the
child’s interests and abilities. Provides praise and answers all
questions honestly and calmly. Provides a non-judgmental space for
discussion and acts when they perceive children need assistance
outside of the family to address their needs.
Basic
Behavior Management (2.1)
Understands
and applies basic principles of behavior management that use
appropriate techniques to reduce negative behavior and encourage
positive behaviors without the use of physical discipline. Positive
behaviors are encouraged by recognition of progress and allowing
developmentally appropriate decision-making, while setting and
communicating limits and rewards that apply to all. Basic behavior
management consists of fair and consistent application of behavior
rules and recognition of appropriate and positive behavior. Negative
behaviors are discouraged by firm, fair and consistent application
of limits and rules.
Managing
Severe Behavioral Problems (2.2)
Works with
caseworkers, therapists and others to develop and implement a plan
tailored to the specific needs of the child. Plans will describe
which techniques will be used to respond to each behavior and how
the safety of other people and pets in the household will be
protected. In addition to planning, the parent must assist the child
to understand their behavior and attempt to apply self-control
techniques. Management of severe behavioral problems requires a
calm, well-organized response and an understanding that such
problems are not always quickly resolved.
Collaboration
(3.1)
Serves as a
collaborative team member with all other professional and family
members by willingly sharing information needed to make sound
decisions, assisting in development of plans, and showing
consideration to the needs and limits of other partners. To
collaborate means to maintain a non-judgmental, open attitude when
communicating with children, parents, and other team members.
Interpersonal
Sensitivity (3.3)
Demonstrates
sensitivity to hidden meaning in communication and ability to view
situations from others’ perspectives. A parent with strong
interpersonal skills applies these to the child through respect for
the preferences and uniqueness of each child and listening for the
child’s concerns, while remembering what it was like to be a child.
The parent applies these skills in other settings by demonstrating
empathy with others’ perspectives and closely listening and
watching for what is
going on beneath the surface.
Commitment to
Children (3.4)
Expresses care
about the general welfare of children and has faith that children
can be helped. This commitment is put into action in the home by
providing the best care possible, including putting the child’s
long-term interest before self-interest and showing pride when
children achieve even small steps forward. This commitment is put
into action outside the home by advocating strongly on issues
important to children’s well being.
Perspective
(3.6)
Can step back
from a situation, keep own emotions in check, and determine what is
urgent and what is not. A sense of perspective allows a parent to
place the current situation in context of child’s history and
future. Perspective allows a parent to seek appropriate support when
needed and to assimilate new information.
Equilibrium
(3.7)
Knows and
understands own feelings and recognizes own limitations. A sense of
equilibrium allows the parent to maintain a positive outlook and to
know he or she must set aside quiet time for self-regeneration and
to nurture adult relationships. To restore a sense of equilibrium,
it may be necessary to seek new information.
Flexibility
(3.8)
Shows
willingness to change or revise plans quickly when necessary and can
juggle attention between people and tasks effectively. A flexible
parent can cope with the uncertainty of a child’s length of stay in
their
home and adjust to changes in the child welfare system. In the home,
a flexible parent can acknowledge attempts, even when tasks are not
done perfectly and is patient with the learning process, even for
his or herself. Flexibility allows a parent to take advantage of
learning opportunities when they arise.
Human
Development (4.1)
Demonstrates
familiarity with the principles of developmental process, including
sexual development and developmental disabilities. A full, working
knowledge of human development includes knowledge of stages and
milestones expected for children and, causes and treatment for
delays.
Psychological
Understanding (4.3)
Demonstrates a
general understanding of the psychological dynamics associated with
children who have been abused/neglected, including the emotional
impact of the placement process. A full, working knowledge of
psychological issues would include skills to support children
effectively by respecting a child’s emotional bonds with birth
parents, right to privacy, level of readiness for new experiences,
development of self-esteem, need to express emotions and knowing
when to seek professional attention.
Working with
Adolescents (4.4)
Works with
youth on developing the necessary skills for independent living. In
order to develop these skills, the parent must have knowledge of the
developmental stages and tasks of adolescence and be able to
identify indicators of behavioral problems in adolescents. Parents
working with adolescents will be most effective when they can
demonstrate sensitivity to personal issues common for this age
group.
Cultural
Sensitivity (4.5)
Understands
the importance of recognizing and supporting the cultural, social
and economic similarities and differences between a child’s birth
family and foster/adoptive family.
Separation
and Loss (5.3)
Responds
supportively to children’s feelings and behaviors as they deal with
grief and loss issues, including those related to multiple
placements and separation from family members. An effective response
to the grief and loss issues of others is supported by
self-awareness regarding personal loss issues.